Understanding Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
- Dorian Wakefield
- 21 Jul 2023
- Health and Wellness
What is Pulmonary Tuberculosis?
Before diving into the intricate details of pulmonary tuberculosis, it's important that we first understand what it is. Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium primarily attacks the lungs, hence the term 'pulmonary', but it can also affect other parts of the body. It's a serious health issue that can be life-threatening if not treated properly.
The Causes of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis is the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium spreads from person to person through the air. For instance, when a person with active tuberculosis coughs, sneezes or talks, they release tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. If you inhale these droplets, you can get infected.
However, not everyone who inhales the bacteria will develop active tuberculosis. Some people's immune systems can fight off the bacteria, leading to latent tuberculosis. This means that they carry the bacteria in their bodies, but it's inactive and doesn't cause symptoms. However, it can become active later.
Symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis can vary depending on whether the infection is latent or active. In the case of latent tuberculosis, there are usually no symptoms because the body's immune system is keeping the bacteria under control.
However, in the case of active tuberculosis, symptoms can be severe and may include a persistent cough that lasts for more than three weeks, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and blood in the sputum. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's crucial to seek medical attention immediately.
Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis can involve multiple tests. A doctor may start with a physical exam, listening to your lungs and checking for any swelling in your lymph nodes. You might also need to undergo a skin test or a blood test to check for TB infection.
Further tests such as a chest X-ray or a CT scan may be necessary to check your lungs for signs of tuberculosis. A sputum test might also be ordered by the doctor to check for tuberculosis bacteria in your sputum - the mucus that comes up when you cough.
Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis usually involves taking antibiotics for a long period, typically for six to nine months. It's crucial to take the medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, even if you're feeling better. Failure to do so can lead to drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, which are much more difficult to treat.
The most common drugs used for treating tuberculosis include isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Your doctor will decide which medicines you need to take based on your age, overall health, possible drug resistance, the form of TB (latent or active) and the infection's location in the body.
Prevention of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Prevention is key when it comes to pulmonary tuberculosis. This can include strategies such as getting vaccinated with the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which is often given to infants and children in countries where TB is common. However, this vaccine isn't widely used in the United States because it's not very effective in adults, and TB is less common.
Another important aspect of prevention is prompt and effective treatment of the disease to reduce the risk of transmission. If you have active TB, following your treatment plan exactly as prescribed can help prevent the spread of the bacteria to others.
Living with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Living with pulmonary tuberculosis can be challenging, but with the right treatment and care, you can lead a normal life. It's important to follow your treatment plan closely, take your medications as prescribed, and maintain a healthy lifestyle. This includes eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol.
Remember, it's crucial to keep all your medical appointments and to let your healthcare provider know about any side effects you're experiencing from the medication. With the right approach, you can manage your condition and reduce your risk of complications.
